Sessions: Mycology Science | Applied Mycology | Myco-Industry
Benou R.1, Marks R.S.1, 2, Sivan A.1†, Kramarsky-Winter E.1, Golberg K.1,3, Kushmaro A.1,2,4 *
1Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren, Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
2 The Ilse Katz Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
3 Department of Life Sciences, Achva Academic College, 79804, Israel
4 School of Sustainability and Climate Change, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
ABSTRACT
β-lactams are an important family of antibiotics that are prone to undergo resistance inhibition through the production of β-lactamases by some microorganisms. To combat this resistance and preserve the efficacy of β-lactam antibiotics, we developed a strategy for the discovery of such β-lactamase inhibitors. When combined with β-lactams, these inhibitors allow the antibiotics to be effective and prevent resistance. To date, the development of such combinatory drugs is limited due to the complexity of screening for new β-lactamase inhibitors. Therefore, to facilitate this development, it was essential to find sensitive assays to effectively screen for lactamase inhibitory compounds. To this end, a novel bioassay utilizing bioluminescent indicator bacteria as bioreporters was developed. The assay was first optimized using commercial antibiotics together with known β-lactamase inhibitors. Using this bioassay, we then screened for novel natural β-lactamase inhibitors derived from coral-associated fungi. We showed that the fungus Penicillium spinulosum, originating from the coral Pocillopora sp. from the Gulf of Aqaba, Eilat, produced compounds with anti-β-lactamase activity. We further demonstrate that the bioreporter bacteria used here responded to the combined antibiotics and β-lactamase inhibitors in a concentration-dependent manner, indicating their usefulness for β-lactamase inhibiting compounds discovery.
Keywords: antibiotics; β-lactam; β-lactamase; β-lactamase inhibitors; novel bioassay bioreporter; bioluminescence.
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
Prof. Ariel Kushmaro, environmental and clinical microbiologist at BGU, Israel, Biotechnology Engineering Department. His research activities focus on the development of various techniques for environmental sensing, bioremediation, environmental microbiology, biofilms, and drug discovery; including novel antibiotics and quorum sensing inhibitors. |
Carmeli G.1 †, Vunduk J.2 †, Kokojka F.1 and Marks R.S.1,*
1Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva 84105, Israel
2Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12/V, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
ABSTRACT
Poisonous wild-foraged mushrooms consumption is a recurrent cause of accidental poisoning worldwide. Their consumption can lead to self-limiting gastroenteritis, fulminant hepatic or renal failure, and even death. Common approaches to evaluating mushroom toxicity rely mainly on analytical methods and animal studies. These approaches can be costly, time-consuming, and pose ethical challenges. To overcome this issue, we developed a rapid and sensitive in vitro assay using luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) to evaluate the immunomodulatory and potentially toxic effects of mushroom extracts on phagocytes. Porcine-blood-derived phagocytes were isolated using Lymphoprep™ gradient medium and centrifugation in SepMate™-15 tubes. The isolated phagocytes were induced using Zymosan A from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, indicative of the respiratory burst and the phagocytes' activity, was measured indirectly by the chemiluminescent reaction of luminol oxidation by the ROS, over 60 minutes, using a microplate reader. We hypothesized that bioactive mushroom extracts would significantly alter the phagocytes' responses and ROS production compared to edible mushroom extracts, which would be reflected by different kinetic patterns and relative light units (RLU) intensities. The assay revealed different RLUmax values between the various samples, which were interpreted as induction factors (IF). This assay demonstrates a promising screening tool for evaluating mushrooms' bioactivity and toxicity, with various potential applications.
Keywords: luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence, phagocytic oxidative burst, mushroom toxicity screening, porcine phagocytes, bioactive fungal metabolites, reactive oxygen species
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Gal Carmeli is an M.Sc. student in the Department of Biotechnology Engineering at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, working in Prof. Robert S. Marks’ Biosensors Laboratory. His research focuses on the development of portable fiber-optic biosensors and biosensing platforms for toxicological studies, with a particular emphasis on bioluminescent and chemiluminescent tools. He recently published a peer-reviewed article in Biosensors (MDPI) about the development of a first-generation dispatchable fiber-optic biosensor for real-time, on-site water and sediment toxicity assessments, and continues to work on the second-generation upgrade of that device. Gal is a member of the organizing committee of FUNGA fest 2025, serving as the event's coordinator. |
Trif C. 1,†, Vunduk J. 2,† , Parcharoen Y. 3, Bualuang A. 3 and Marks R.S 1,*
1 Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er-Sheva 84105, Israel
2 Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12/V, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
3 Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
ABSTRACT
This study presents a rapid and comprehensive method for screening mushroom extracts for the putative discovery of bioactive molecules, including those exhibiting antimicrobial activity. This approach utilizes a panel of bioluminescent bacteria, whose light production is a sensitive indicator of various cellular effects triggered by the extracts, including disruption of bacterial communication (quorum sensing), protein and DNA damage, fatty acid metabolism alterations, and oxidative stress induction. The bioassay’s strength is its ability to efficiently analyze a large number of extracts simultaneously while also assessing several different mechanisms of toxicity, significantly reducing screening time. All samples analyzed exhibited more than one cellular effect, as indicated by the reporter bacteria. Four samples (C. cornucopioides, F. fomentarius, I. obliquus, and M. giganteus) displayed the highest number (six) of possible mechanisms of antibacterial activity. Additionally, combining extraction and purification protocols with a bioluminescent bacterial panel enables simultaneous improvement of the desired antimicrobial properties of the extracts. The presented approach offers a valuable tool for uncovering the diverse antimicrobial mechanisms of mushroom extracts.
Keywords: antimicrobial activity, bioluminescence, medicinal mushrooms, toxicity, whole-cell bioreporter bacteria, quorum sensing
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Prof. Robert S. Marks is a full professor in the Department of Biotechnology Engineering at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, where he founded the university’s Biosensors Laboratory. He has authored over 235 scientific publications, edited eight books, and holds multiple patents. His work has contributed to the creation of several startups in Israel, the US, and Singapore. Prof. Marks has chaired more than 20 international scientific conferences and serves on various editorial boards and advisory panels. He also created and teaches Ben-Gurion University's Ethnomycology course, which explores the cultural and biomedical relevance of fungi — a passion that helped inspire the launch of Funga Fest. |
1Solid Fermentation Innovation, Israel
ABSTRACT
Solid-state fermentation (SSF) represents one of the oldest yet most innovative biotechnological processes, relying on the cultivation of filamentous fungi and other microorganisms on moist solid substrates without free water. While traditionally used in food fermentations such as tempeh or koji, SSF is now being revisited with modern analytical and process tools for applications across food, feed, enzyme production, agriculture, and biomaterials. The rationale behind renewed interest in SSF is its unique ability to mimic natural microbial habitats, enable efficient use of agro-industrial residues, and achieve high product yields with low water and energy inputs. In this presentation, I will introduce the fundamental principles of SSF, including substrate preparation, microbial selection, and key parameters such as moisture, aeration, and particle size. I will then highlight several application domains: the production of alternative proteins; enzyme and metabolite generation for the feed and agriculture sectors; and novel uses in biopolymer and biomaterial development. Case studies from both industry and research will be presented to illustrate how SSF can transform low-value sidestreams into high-value products in a circular bioeconomy framework. I will also discuss the challenges of scaling SSF processes, including process monitoring, heterogeneity management, and regulatory considerations, and suggest how lessons from related industries can support industrial adoption. By bridging traditional knowledge with modern bioprocessing and sustainability goals, SSF offers an adaptable and powerful platform with significant implications for the future of food, agriculture, and sustainable materials.
Keywords: solid-state fermentation, fungi, circular bioeconomy
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Dr. Barak Dror is a biotechnologist and entrepreneur specializing in solid-state fermentation (SSF) and its applications across food, agriculture, and biomaterials. He is the founder and CEO of Solid Fermentation Innovation (SFI), a consultancy and contract research company that supports startups, corporates, and research groups in developing SSF-based processes and products. Dr. Dror earned his PhD in Biotechnology from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and an MBA from the Biomedical Entrepreneurship program. He has over a decade of experience in R&D, including leadership roles in foodtech and agritech companies, where he managed multidisciplinary teams working on fungal biotechnology, fermentation optimization, and product development. Beyond his scientific contributions, Dr. Dror is active in international networks promoting fungi-based innovation and is dedicated to advancing SSF as a cornerstone of the bioeconomy. |
Barnea S.1*
1Msics Pharma Ltd., Israel
ABSTRACT
This presentation explores the integration between Psilocybin mushroom cultivation, botanical regulatory compliance, and pharmaceutical-scale production. It focuses on bridging the gap between controlled laboratory R&D and commercial cultivation of psilocybin mushrooms for pharmaceutical purposes, ensuring adherence to regulatory standards for botanical products. Key topics include the development and optimization of cultivation protocols, breeding strategies for psilocybin mushroom strains, environmental control and quality assurance, and compliance with Good Agricultural and Collection Practices (GACP). The session will also address challenges in translating laboratory-scale methods to industrial production while maintaining consistency, safety, and efficacy of the final product. By highlighting technological advancements, process monitoring, and regulatory frameworks, this presentation demonstrates how innovation and science-based regulation can be harmonized to produce high-quality psilocybin mushroom products ready for pharmaceutical use.
Keywords: psilocybin, regulation, pharmaceutical applications, industrial-scale cultivation.
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Shaked Barnea is a mushroom breeding and cultivation specialist with extensive experience in developing and managing large-scale cultivation systems. She currently serves as Head of Mycology at Msics Pharma Ltd., where she focuses on R&D of psilocybin mushrooms for pharmaceutical applications, while managing and overseeing breeding and cultivation processes to ensure consistency, quality, and regulatory compliance with pharmaceutical standards. From 2019 to 2023, she managed the “Otzerot HaYaar” Mushroom Farm, leading research, breeding, and operational optimization initiatives. Her expertise includes project management, process improvement, and the development of cultivation methodologies tailored for medicinal and therapeutic use. Shaked holds a B.A. in Geography from Ben-Gurion University and was nationally recognized as Israel’s Breakthrough Young Farmer (2022) at the 13th Israel Agriculture Conference. She is passionate about integrating innovation, sustainability, and science-based regulation in advancing the field of fungal biotechnology. |
Ivankovic T.1*, Schlichter Kadosh Y.2 , Rosanda P.1, Hadad U.2 and Kushmaro A.2
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science of the University of Zagreb, Croatia
2Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
*tomislav.ivankovic@biol.pmf.hr
ABSTRACT
Biofilms at the air–liquid interface present dynamic microbial systems that can facilitate a specific type of bacterial motility known as capillary-driven migration. This type of motility has been described for pure bacterial cultures, but here we investigated the formation and development of a multispecies biofilm composed of the yeasts Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii, Acinetobacter junii, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. While bacterial migration along glass slides was consistent with capillary biofilm movement, yeasts in pure culture were unable to migrate. However, in mixed populations, yeast cells were frequently observed surrounded by bacterial colonies, embedded in extracellular polymeric substances, and carried along with bacterial populations, suggesting cooperative expansion and spatial structuring of the biofilm. Thus, it seems that the presence of bacteria enabled the migration and spreading of yeast cells. These findings extend the concept of capillary biofilm motility to mixed bacterial–fungal communities and highlight a rarely described ecological symbiosis, where bacteria facilitate fungal movement, complementing the well-described “fungal highways”, in which fungi promote bacterial dispersal.
Keywords: Capillary biofilm motility, Multispecies biofilms, Bacterial–fungal interactions, Yeast dispersal, Air–liquid interface
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Tomislav Ivankovic graduated with a degree in Molecular Biology from the Faculty of Science at the University of Zagreb. He obtained a PhD degree in 2012 on the topic of bacterial immobilization on mineral carriers. After the PhD, Tomislav continued his scientific career on the topic of bacterial biofilm, and did a postdoc position at Université Grenoble-Alpes, imaging bacterial biofilms by using X-ray Microtomography. In 2021, Tomislav got a position as an Associate Professor at the Biology Department, Faculty of Science in Zagreb, where he is currently employed. Tomislav lectures on several courses in General Microbiology, Bioremediation, and Wastewater Treatment Technology. His scientific interests are bacterial biofilms, biotechnology, bioremediation, and antibiotic resistance in the environment. |
Schindler Azut Y.1*, Zucker I.1,2
1School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
2Porter School of Earth and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
ABSTRACT
The threat and predominance of microplastics (MPs) in marine environments have prompted a growing interest in their interactions with microorganisms that naturally colonize them (i.e., the plastisphere). This study investigates the interaction of Alternaria alternata ─ a fungus native to the Mediterranean Sea─with polystyrene (PS) MPs, focusing on the potential of the fungus to remove and degrade MPs in seawater. We first designed and constructed a custom laboratory setup in which an immobilized benthic fungal mat, contained in temperature-controlled glass vials, was exposed to ∼1.7 μm weathered MPs ranging in size from 0.45 to 30 μm. This scenario emulates environmental conditions occurring in the benthic layer of seagrass habitats. We observed a 96% reduction in PS MP particle concentration within 24 h in the presence of a live fungus, which was significantly higher than the removal of the MP from sedimentation or exposure to inactivated fungus. Micro- and nanoscale visualizations illustrate the capture and entrapment of MPs within the fungal biomass. The fungus displayed selectivity, favoring PS over polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP). Further analyses indicated the formation of a transformation product following interaction between the fungus and PS MPs, indicating that active fungal interaction, rather than gravitational settling, was the dominant driver of MP removal. In addition, thermogravimetric analysis revealed structural alterations within the fungal cell wall upon exposure to PS-based MPs, further supporting the hypothesis of PS utilization by the fungus. Overall, this study offers new insights into the use of the fungus A. alternata for the biological decomposition of PS MPs and serves as an effective natural method for removing MP from seawater without disrupting the ecological balance.
Keywords: microplastic, marine fungi, mycoremediation, Mediterranean Sea, fungal plastisphere, Alternaria alternata
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Yarden Schindler Azut is the Microbiology R&D Lead at Cooling Crops, where she leads research on Cyanobacteria applications in Agrotech and environmental sustainability. She holds a B.Sc. in Biotechnology Engineering from Ben-Gurion University and an M.Sc. in Environmental Engineering from Tel Aviv University. Her master’s research explored the interactions between marine fungi and microplastics, resulting in a peer-reviewed publication. During her undergraduate studies, she initiated an innovative home diagnostic test for vulvovaginal Candida albicans, leading to a patent submission. Her scientific interests lie in integrating microbiology and mycology research to advance sustainable biotechnological solutions for environmental challenges. |
Shemesh P.1*, Fishman A.1
1Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
ABSTRACT
The growing demand for sustainable alternative proteins highlights the need for efficient microbial production systems. Pichia pastoris is an established host capable of achieving high cell densities and secreting recombinant proteins directly into the culture medium, simplifying downstream processing. This study aimed to optimize a fermentation platform based on P. pastoris and apply it for the production of recombinant plant-derived proteins with food relevance. Three wild-type strains (X-33, NRRL Y-11430, and NRRL Y-7556) were compared for growth and protein expression performance. Process optimization involved developing a defined growth medium, screening carbon sources, and evaluating ploidy level and fermentation conditions. High-cell-density fermentation in a 3.7 L bioreactor using glycerol as the main carbon source yielded over 40 % higher biomass than glucose, with NRRL Y-7556 reaching 244 g DCW L⁻¹ within 48 h. The platform was first validated with mCherry and subsequently applied to produce recombinant canola napin (rNapin) and potato patatin. Expression of rNapin under the constitutive GAP promoter resulted in a 2.4-fold increase (5.9 ± 0.1 g L⁻¹) compared to AOX1, while the diploid NRRL Y-11430 strain further enhanced production to 8.8 ± 0.1 g L⁻¹. The rNapin displayed strong solubility and emulsifying activity under acidic conditions but limited foaming capacity. The successful expression of patatin demonstrated the platform’s versatility and robustness. These findings establish an efficient and scalable fermentation framework that advances sustainable production of alternative proteins for food applications.
Keywords: Pichia pastoris, fermentation, alternative proteins, napin, patatin
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Paz Shemesh is a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering at the Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, under the supervision of Professor Ayelet Fishman. Her research focuses on developing high-cell-density fermentation processes in P. pastoris for the sustainable production of recombinant plant proteins such as rapeseed napin and potato patatin, aiming to reproduce their natural plant characteristics. Before her Ph.D., she gained six years of industry experience as a senior R&D researcher specializing in yeast fermentation. Paz is committed to advancing sustainable food biotechnology and serves as a teaching assistant in food microbiology, where she encourages curiosity and precision in experimental work. |
Finkelstein S.1,2, Brichka M.2,3, Davidovitz M.1, Ostrov Y.3, Mechrez G.3, Rav-David D.1, Elad Y.1, and Ment D.1*
1 Institute of Plant Protection, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organisation, Israel.
2 Department of Agroecology and Plant Health, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
3 Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organisation, Israel.
ABSTRACT
Biological pest control using entomopathogenic fungi has traditionally relied on conidia as the active ingredient in commercial products. However, time-consuming fermentation processes and limitations in industrial infrastructure have prompted the exploration of alternative forms of active ingredients, with recent research focusing on blastospores as a substitute. Blastospores are hyphal fragments that develop by budding in the arthropod host's hemolymph once the fungus has invaded, and they can be commercially produced within 3 days using precision fermentation. To promote more cost-effective production of a native Metarhizium brunneum strain (Mb7), we developed a protocol for blastospore fermentation and analysed the secondary metabolite profile of the growing media. Mb7 blastospores and conidia were characterised for morphology and pathogenic development using confocal microscopy and RNA-seq, while virulence was assessed towards Galleria mellonella larvae. UV radiation tolerance was evaluated in an irradiation cabin using CFU formation assessment, and efficacy against tomato pests was measured in greenhouse experiments using a novel Pickering emulsion formulation. Results showed that Mb7 blastospores varied in size and were twice as large as conidia. While the virulence of conidia and blastospores was similar, the mortality rate dynamics of conidia were superior, though survival following UVC radiation exposure was comparable between both forms. Notably, foliar application of blastospores formulated in Pickering emulsion on tomato plants resulted in over 60% reduction of the pest Tuta absoluta, equivalent to commercial biopesticides. These findings indicate that Mb7 blastospores yield promising results for further commercialisation as an alternative active ingredient to conidia.
Keywords: Entomopathogenic fungi, Blastospores, Biopesticides, Precision fermentation.
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Shany Finkelstein Shatz is a master's student at The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, conducting her research in Dr. Dana Ment’s lab at the Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organisation, Israel. At our lab, we focus on microbial pest control using insect pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and nematodes. We examine the host-pathogen interaction as a whole and the ecological aspects of entomopathogenic microorganisms. Understanding the ecological functions enables enhancing its role as a biocontrol agent in agriculture and natural habitats. Shany is an experienced agronomist specialising in integrated pest management (IPM) and pollination. She currently serves as Chief Agronomist and Head of Innovation at Biobest Israel (Polyam) and is a strong advocate of biopesticides. |
Nomo S.D.1 2*, Frenkel O.1, Goldberg I.K.2, and Ranan H.1
1Plant Pathology, Volcanic Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Israel-Gilat
2The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
ABSTRACT
The application of biological control agents (BCAs) offers a promising path toward reducing chemical pesticide use in sustainable agriculture. Nevertheless, the complex interactions between BCAs and their biotic and abiotic environments pose significant challenges to developing effective solutions. Utilizing a resilient BCA along with a better understanding of how environmental factors influence its antifungal activity may increase the chances of successful implementation of the BCA in the field. A green alga isolated from desert biological soil crusts shows a remarkable ability to withstand harsh environmental conditions. Preliminary findings indicated that this alga significantly inhibits the growth, viability, and melanin production of several pathogenic fungi. Among these, Rhizoctonia solani was selected as a model organism due to its susceptibility. Our results demonstrate that varying abiotic factors such as salinity, carbon, light, and temperature levels impact the alga's antifungal activity. Notably, supplementing the growth medium with 0.1M NaCl significantly enhances its antifungal effect, suppressing growth and melanin production. Building on these findings, this study aims to examine the ability of the microalga to inhibit the pathogenic activity of Rhizoctonia solani in plants and to elucidate the inhibition mechanism of the antifungal compounds. In parallel, we are trying to isolate and characterize the antifungal compound. This research seeks to advance our understanding of algae-fungi interactions in the soil and the influence of environmental conditions on this interaction. Ultimately, this will allow the successful implementation of sustainable solutions for managing soil-borne pathogenic fungi.
Keywords: Biological control agents (BCAs); green algae; Rhizoctonia solani; antifungal activity
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | My name is Samuel D. Nomo, and I am a PhD candidate at the faculty of Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev. My research focuses on desert ecological studies with a particular interest in plant protection through environmentally friendly biocontrol strategies. I am investigating the use of green algae as a potential biocontrol agent against plant pathogens that threaten agricultural productivity, especially in arid and semi-arid environments. My work employs an aspect of microbial ecology, plant pathology, and applied biotechnology to explore sustainable alternatives to chemical pesticides. Through this research, I aim to contribute to the advancement of eco-friendly plant disease management and promote sustainable agricultural practices to address global challenges in food security and environmental conservation. |
Eltzov E.1,*
1Department of Postharvest Science, Institute of Postharvest and Food Science, Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
ABSTRACT
The problem of postharvest food losses is a major issue, having been estimated at 40% to 50% of harvested crops worldwide, mostly due to rots caused by fungi. After penetrating the unripe fruit, pathogenic fungi remain quiescent (“sleeping”) until the fruit ripens. The quiescent infections are microscopic and cannot be visually detected during packaging or subsequent transport. Thus, there is a need to design assays that allow the identification of the fungi at an initial quiescent stage of infection to prevent potential fruit decay during the supply chain and consumer storage. A rapid and easy-to-use paper-based LAMP assay was designed for detecting quiescent markers of pathogen fungi. The developed method requires a cheap cellulose membrane and heat block, enabling this method to be employed in resource-limited settings. Additionally, a 384-well plate application was also developed for high-throughput detection, enabling simultaneous analysis of many pathogens across multiple samples. This high-throughput capability is crucial for rapid screening and identification, significantly reducing the time and resources required for large-scale pathogen surveillance and ensuring comprehensive and timely intervention in disease management strategies. Both assays demonstrated high specificity for the quiescent stage of fungal pathogens, achieving an analytical sensitivity of 0.5 pg of total extracted RNA and delivering results within 40 minutes from sampling. The unique ability of the proposed system to detect and recognize the fungus during the quiescent (latent) stage will decrease food losses by allowing improved postharvest management. For example, fruit with a high inoculum rate will be sold to the local market or as processed food, whereas fruit with low inoculum rates can be stored for long periods or exported.
Keywords: loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), mRNA, fungal pathogen, fruit, point of care technology (POCT), paper-based analytic devices (PADs).
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Evgeni Eltzov is a researcher in the Department of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Volcani Center, Israel. He completed his Ph.D. in the Environmental Engineering department at Ben-Gurion University. Dr. Eltzov leads the Biosensors Research Group, which focuses on the development and miniaturization of advanced biosensor platforms for applications in food safety and agriculture. His work integrates novel micro-/nano-structures with biorecognition elements such as DNA, antibodies, enzymes, and whole cells to create innovative diagnostic devices. Key areas of his research include biosensor and bioassay development, point-of-care (POC) diagnostics, real-time multianalyte monitoring systems, and the application of nanotechnology in biosensing. |
Sessions: Medical Mycology | Plant Pathology | Medicinal Macrofungi
Inhibition of Athelia rolfsii-Induced Stem Rot in Tomatoes Using Secretions from the Black Soldier Fly
Dafny Yelin M.1*, Opatovsky I.2, Greber A.1, Farhat S.1, Palevsky E.3 and Shaltel Harpaz L.1
1Northern R&D, Migal, Tel-Hai University on the rise, Israel
2Lab of Insect Nutrition and Metabolism, Migal, Tel-Hai University on the rise, Israel
3 Newe Yaar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Israel
*merydy@migal.org.il/ merydy@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The soil-borne fungus Athelia rolfsii is a major pathogen causing stem and collar rot in industrial tomato crops. With a broad host range, it poses a significant threat to summer crops in Israel’s Northern Valleys. Frass from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae, comprising excrement, exoskeletons, and undigested feed, is rich in organic matter and beneficial microorganisms, making it a promising tool for soil health and disease suppression. This study evaluated the efficacy of frass in controlling A. rolfsii infection. The primary frass tested was derived from larvae fed a mixture of ca. 50% apple waste, wet malt, and baker’s yeas t. Two additional frass samples labeled "O" and "P" were also examined. Only the non-sterile extract from frass "O" significantly inhibited A. rolfsii mycelial growth on PDA plates. This treatment also improved in pot trial canopy coverage and shoot biomass in infected tomato plants. Field trials confirmed that frass-treated plants exhibited significantly greater canopy and root development compared to untreated controls. A strong correlation was observed between frass application rate (1–2 L/m²) and plant height and node number. Notably, frass that had not undergone heat treatment significantly reduced disease progression compared to both untreated controls and frass treated at 70°C, with no significant difference between frass treatments. The beneficial effects of frass may result from direct pathogen inhibition via its microbiome, changes in soil chemistry, or enhanced plant resistance.
Keywords: Soil-borne fungal pathogens, Plant disease, Frass, Tomato stem rot, Sustainable agriculture
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Dr. Mery Dafny Yelin is a phytopathologist and senior researcher at Northern R&D, MIGAL – Galilee Research Institute, affiliated with the emerging Tel-Hai University in northern Israel. Her research focuses on applied plant pathology and integrated pest management (IPM) for fruit trees, grapevines, and field crops. Dr. Dafny Yelin combines laboratory and field approaches to develop sustainable solutions for fungal and bacterial diseases. Her work integrates resistant cultivars, innovative antimicrobial strategies, and ecological methods to enhance crop resilience and productivity. She has pioneered the use of directed enzyme evolution to disrupt quorum sensing in plant pathogens and plays a key role in advancing disease management strategies in Israel’s Northern Valleys. Dr. Dafny Yelin is dedicated to supporting local agriculture and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and community engagement. |
Atsbeha L.H.1*, Meseret G.I.2 and Ketema B.B.2
1Food Science and Nutrition, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ethiopia
2Biology, Natural Sciences, Jimma University, Ethiopia
ABSTRACT
Contamination of food and crops with Ochratoxin A has become a growing public concern and is getting more attention among researchers and food producers. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of mycotoxigenic fungi and Ochratoxin A in coffee bean samples collected from the soil surface, wet-processed, and dry-processed. A total of 77 coffee samples were collected from Mana, Goma, Gera, and Limu Kosa districts of Jimma zone, Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia. Malt Extract Agar (MEA) was used for the isolation and identification of fungi using macro and microscopic characteristics, and HPLC was used to detect and quantify Ochratoxin A in green coffee beans. Different fungal genera, including Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicilium, and Rhizopus, were found associated with coffee beans from different coffee processing methods. Accordingly, Asspergillus spp(84.74 %), Fusarium spp(8.75%), Penicillium spp(5.49%) and Rhizopus spp(1.02%) were recorded. The mean ochratoxin A (OTA) detected from different coffee samples was: 6.24µg/kg, 2.05µg/kg, and 1.2µg/kg from coffee bean samples collected from the soil surface, dry and wet processed samples, respectively. In the present study, it was observed that coffee is contaminated by various filamentous molds during postharvest phases. The highest contamination level of mycotoxigenic fungi was found among coffee samples collected from the soil surface, while the lowest contamination was from wet-processed coffee from soil, and the lowest fungal incidence was observed in wet-processed coffee beans.
Keywords: Coffee, HPLC, Mycotoxigenic fungi, Ochratoxin A.
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Legese Hagos is a Microbiology researcher at the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, National Fishery and Aquatic Lives Research Center. His research interests include food microbiology, Food Safety, antimicrobial activities, and environmental microbiology. |
Lewinsohn D.1*, Lurie Y.2,3, Gaon A.1, Biketova A.Yu.4,5, and Bentur Y.2,3
1Mycology Unit, Shamir Research Institute, University of Haifa, Kazerin, Israel; 2Israel Poison Information Center, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; 3Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; 4Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3DS, UK; 5Institute of Evolution & Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Aba Khoushi Ave. 199, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
ABSTRACT
Wild mushroom (macrofungi) picking has become a popular activity in Israel in the last years. Besides the estimated 135 edible species, the mycobiota of Israel also includes around 65 poisonous and potentially dangerous species. We conducted a long-term retrospective study to monitor the frequency, severity, seasonal character, species composition, and geographical distribution of mushroom exposure and poisoning in Israel. Using data collected by the Israel Poison Information Center in Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, during the years 2010–2021, we report that only 4% of cases of exposure to biologic agents were caused by mushrooms. Males were significantly (P < 0.004) more affected than females. Most cases involved either above 18 years of age (41%) or below the age of 6 years (39%). Most of the children under 6 years of age did not develop signs or symptoms of toxicity. During 2017–2021, 128 cases (82.5%) involved the consumption of raw mushrooms, mostly by children under 6 years of age. The most common season of mushroom exposure was rainy winters (P < 0.05). Mushrooms collected from irrigated lawns in the summer also posed a risk. Ingestion of Chlorophyllum molybdites was the leading cause of mushroom ingestion in summer, and that of Inocybe species in winter. Our study contributes to improved awareness of mushroom exposure and poisoning patterns among the Israeli population.
Keywords: Amanita proxima; Chlorophyllum molybdites; Inocybe; wild macrofungi
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Dr. Dalia Lewinsohn, born in Tivon, Israel. Mycologist, emeritus researcher at the Shamir Research Institute. Graduated from the Faculty of Agriculture, specializing in plant diseases. She learned mycology from Prof. Avizohar Hershenzon, one of the pioneers of mushroom research in Israel. Has a master's degree from the Department of Forestry at the University of Idaho in the USA in the field of forest tree diseases. During her PhD at the Institute of Evolution, Haifa University, she studied the Pleurotus eryngii complex mushroom in Israel from the ecological, morphological, and genetic aspects. She published articles in many scientific journals and in various magazines. Chairman of the committee at the Academy of Languages at the Hebrew University that deals with giving common Hebrew names to wild mushrooms in Israel. A consultant for the Poisons Center at Rambam Hospital, over 26 years. The author of the three editions of the Carta Guide to Edible and Poisonous Mushrooms in Israel. Qualified tour guide and engaged in professional training of nature and mushroom tours, and a lecturer in this field. Dalia won the 2001 Rice Prize for Israeli Mushroom Research. |
Molecular Mechanisms Governing Aneuploidy-Mediated Azole Resistance in Aspergillus flavus
Sionov E.1*, Barda O.1, and Doron-Faigenboim A.2
1Department of Food Science, Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
2Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
*edwardsio@volcani.agri.gov.il
ABSTRACT
Aspergillus flavus is one of the leading causes of invasive and noninvasive aspergillosis, diseases with high rates of mortality in immunocompromised individuals. Additionally, A. flavus is one of the most significant agricultural pathogens, contaminating crops with aflatoxin, the most carcinogenic natural compound, resulting in billions of dollars in losses annually. Azole drugs are considered the most effective compounds in controlling Aspergillus infections both in clinical and agricultural settings. Emergence of azole resistance in Aspergillus spp. is typically associated with point mutations in cyp51 orthologs that encode lanosterol 14α-demethylase, a component of the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway that is the target of azoles. We hypothesized that alternative molecular mechanisms are also responsible for the acquisition of azole resistance in filamentous fungi. We performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of selected lab-evolved strains following exposure to different azole agents that represent a wide range of azole-resistance and resistance-stability phenotypes in order to identify and characterize genomic changes, which manifested in different patterns of chromosomal instability. WGS of azole-resistant isolates revealed that A. flavus adapts to high azole concentrations by duplication of specific chromosomes or chromosomal regions. Interestingly, we noticed a dramatic decrease in the dosage of chromosome 6 in highly resistant clones, as well as other chromosomal aberrations, emphasizing the potential diversity of aneuploidy-mediated resistance mechanisms. It is noteworthy that all resistant strains reverted back to the original level of susceptibility after serial passages on drug-free PDA media. WGS data revealed that all reverted strains had lost aneuploidy and had normal chromosomal dosages. These results confirm that genomic plasticity through aneuploidy enables filamentous fungi to cope with azole-related stress. This finding is of global importance since acquired aneuploidy-mediated antifungal resistance may play a significant role in the failure of azole treatments to control fungal infections both in the clinic and in the field.
Keywords: Aspergillus flavus, azole antifungals, drug resistance
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Dr. Edward Sionov received his PhD degree in microbiology from Tel-Aviv University, Israel, in 2006. There, he specialized in experimental treatments of systemic fungal infections in animal models. In 2007, he joined Dr. June Kwon-Chung's lab in the Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, as a postdoctoral fellow. There, he studied molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in Cryptococcus neoformans to azole antifungal agents. Dr. Sionov is currently a Principal Investigator in the Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Israel. His research focuses on the mechanisms of antifungal drug resistance, mechanisms and environmental conditions associated with the development of mycotoxigenic fungi and the production of mycotoxins in food and agricultural commodities, and the development of technologies for the reduction/elimination of mycotoxins in agricultural products. |
Degani O.1,2* and Shofman G.1,2
1Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai Academic College, Israel
2Department of Plant Sciences, MIGAL Galilee Research Institute, Israel
ofird@telhai.ac.il; d-ofir@migal.org.il*
ABSTRACT
Maize late wilt disease, caused by the fungus Magnaporthiopsis maydis, represents a significant threat to susceptible cultivars. This study demonstrates that M. maydis populations in Israel exhibit various aggressiveness levels independent of geographic origin. Distinct subspecies groups were identified: some primarily disrupted plant growth, while others induced wilting symptoms, suggesting both biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogenic strategies. In pathogenicity assays, weakly virulent strains impacted the susceptible Prelude cultivar. In contrast, the resistant cultivar 'Royalty' was only affected by highly aggressive isolates, resulting in a 7% growth reduction and 11% mortality at harvest. Interestingly, early-stage inoculation with a mixture of the two most virulent isolates initially reduced disease severity, but this effect was reversed by harvest. Moreover, including a weakly virulent strain in the inoculum significantly worsened disease outcomes, with a 23% reduction in plant growth, 71% decline in plant health, and high M. maydis colonization. Compared with Fusarium verticillioides, another stalk rot pathogen affecting maize after flowering, M. maydis showed markedly higher aggressiveness, with only 40% plant survival and up to 1,000-fold greater fungal DNA accumulation in the roots. However, co-inoculation with both pathogens increased the proportion of healthy plants from 10% (with M. maydis alone) to 30%. Furthermore, sequential infection with F. verticillioides before M. maydis reduced symptom severity and pathogen colonization, though plant growth remained suboptimal. These findings highlight the complex intra- and interspecific interactions shaping the damages caused by late wilt disease and provide new ecological insights into pathogen dynamics under multifactorial infection scenarios.
Keywords: Crop protection, Fungus, Harpophora maydis, Microbiome, Pathogenicity, Real-time PCR
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Dr. Ofir Degani completed his Ph.D. at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (Haifa, Israel), specializing in genetic engineering approaches in phytopathology. He carried out his post-doctoral studies at the Migal-Galilee Research Institute (Israel). Currently, Dr. Degani serves as the research group director of the Phytopathology Laboratory at this institute and a senior staff member at Tel-Hai Academic College (Israel). His research integrates molecular, biochemical, and microbiological tools to advance the understanding and management of plant fungal diseases. His group focuses on: 1) Developing biological, chemical, and agrotechnical strategies to control major plant diseases such as maize late wilt and stalk rot, cotton charcoal rot, and onion basal rot. 2) Engineering and utilizing the plant microbiome to create eco-friendly solutions for crop protection. 3) Investigating pathogen-pathogen interactions and their implications in plant pathology to enhance integrated disease management practices. |
Kebede D.1,2*, Rachmilevitch S.1, Raanan H.2
1The Jacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
2 Volcani Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Israel
ABSTRACT
In recent years, potato cultivation in the Western Negev of Israel has been encountering an increase in premature field collapse during the late growth stages in the spring season, resulting in significant crop damage and yield reduction. The initial stages of this phenomenon are marked by necrotic spots on the leaves, resembling symptoms caused by Alternaria alternata. However, it is uniquely characterized by the rapid collapse of all plants within 10 to 20 days after the initial symptoms appear and cannot be effectively managed with common fungicide applications. The underlying cause remains unknown. Therefore, this study aims to determine the actual cause and to identify effective fungicides for its control. A total of forty farms (19 during the winter and 21 during the spring seasons) were monitored weekly throughout the 2024/25 growing season. Alternaria alternata isolates from collapsing potato plants were tested under greenhouse conditions via foliar inoculation. The efficacy of twelve fungicidal compounds was evaluated both under laboratory and field conditions. Although the initial symptoms were observed in both growing seasons, the collapse occurred exclusively during the spring and was not evident in the winter. During the spring, approximately 45% of the farms experienced collapses, which significantly affected yield (P=0.007). Alternata alternata was the most frequent pathogen isolated from field-collected samples. However, it failed to cause the full plant collapse after artificial inoculation. The commonly used fungicides polyoxin, azoxystrobin, and chlorothalonil exhibited low efficacy, with ED50 values of 196.934, 129.7308, and 104.4385 ppm, respectively. Conversely, newer fungicides, including difenoconazole, Boscalid + Pyraclostrobin, and Pydiflumetofen + difenoconazole, markedly suppressed A. alternata and significantly reduced the field collapse. These results suggest that A. alternata might not be the main cause of the collapse, pointing to other possible factors or fungal species and emphasizing the need for wider pathogen identification.
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Mr. Denberu Kebede is a PhD scholar at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, specializing in plant-microbe interaction. He earned his MSc in Applied Microbiology from Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia. His current research focuses on investigating the causes and contributing factors of a newly emerging phenomenon known as potato premature field collapse. As part of his PhD work, he integrates remote sensing data with ground-based observations to develop cost- and time-effective methods for monitoring the spatial and temporal distribution of this collapse. He is highly passionate about scientific research and has presented his work in different conferences, including the Israeli Phytopathological Society and the Israeli Society for Microbiology. |
1Unit of Plant Pathology, Valley of Springs Research & Extension Center, Beit She'an
ABSTRACT
Onion and garlic are cornerstone crops in Israel, especially in the Jezreel and Beit She’an Valleys. Over the past decade, these crops have suffered from Stemphylium leaf blight, caused by the ascomycete fungus Stemphylium vesicarium. The disease kills foliage, reducing photosynthesis and ultimately bulb yield. Our working hypothesis is that the recent increase in disease severity stems from reduced sensitivity of the pathogen population to the fungicides currently used commercially. Therefore, profiling the pathogen’s fungicide sensitivity is essential for fine-tuning and improving spray programs. We evaluated the efficacy of boscalid (an SDHI) and the triazoles difenoconazole and cyproconazole. Cyproconazole was found to be at the brink of failure, and boscalid efficacy was limited. In contrast, difenoconazole remained effective, although some isolates showed reduced sensitivity. Overall, Israeli isolates exhibited EC₅₀ values up to ten-fold higher than those reported in the literature. The isolates split into two sensitivity groups: “Group 1” was more sensitive to boscalid but more resistant to cypro- and difenoconazole; “Group 2” was more resistant to boscalid but more sensitive to the triazoles. It is therefore recommended to discontinue cyproconazole use for now and to limit boscalid applications. Nevertheless, applying boscalid in combination with difenoconazole is advised to control both sensitivity groups simultaneously in the field.
Keywords: Onion, phytopathogens, Stemphylium, fungicide, resistance
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Dr. Nadav Nitzan is an extension and research plant pathologist with The Valley of Springs Research & Extension Center. He has 20 years of applied agriculture R&D experience from Washington State University, USDA-ARS, and commercial companies. He is skilled with soil-, seed-, foliar-borne, and postharvest diseases of potatoes, tomatoes, carrots, onions, garlic, sweet basil, grapes, table beet, sweet potato, and postharvest of fresh produce. His research encompasses plant epidemiology, etiology, development of disease management protocols, disease forecasting systems, breeding potato and sweet basil varieties for disease resistance, fungicide insensitivity monitoring, teaching, and mentoring of students. |
Nadav S.1,2, Ginat R.1, Nadav N.3 and Carmit Z.1,*
1Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Israel.
2The Institute of Agroecology & Plant Health, the Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, HUJI, Israel.
3The Valley of Springs Agricultural R&E Center, Israel.
*Carmit.Ziv@volcani.agri.gov.il
ABSTRACT
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Nadav Smila is an M.Sc. student in plant pathology and postharvest sciences at the Hebrew University and Volcani Institute, specializing in postharvest pathology and fungal–host interactions. His current research focuses on the identification and management of fungal pathogens affecting cold-stored carrots, with an emphasis on fungicide resistance mechanisms in Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. He has a background in molecular diagnostics, fungicide mode of action, and sustainable disease control strategies, including the use of GRAS compounds and integrated pest management (IPM). Nadav is about to complete a master’s degree in plant pathology, where he studied the effects of environmental conditions and chemical treatments on fungal pathogen aggressiveness. Nadav is actively involved in collaborative projects with commercial packinghouses and contributes to the development of science-based solutions for crop protection in Israel. Nadav has been awarded an Excellence Scholarship from the Israeli Phytopathological Society and a full tuition scholarship from ADAMA Agricultural Solutions Ltd. |
Kalitukha L.1*
1Good Feeling Products GmbH, Germany
ABSTRACT
Fomes fomentarius, commonly known as tinder conk, hoof fungus, tinder polypore, etc., is a common sight in mature hardwood forests. The fungus infects trees through damaged bark, forming tough, hoof-shaped perennial fruiting bodies. Historically, people valued F. fomentarius for its ability to smolder for long periods, making it ideal for starting and transporting fire, or for cauterisation. In traditional medicine across many cultures, it was used to treat a range of conditions, including digestive issues, liver ailments, inflammation, and cancer. Scientific interest in this fungus was sparked in 1974, following the discovery of red-brown pigments in its upper layer. Since then, curiosity has only grown. Researchers have explored its taxonomy, chemical composition, ecological roles, and, most notably, its potential medicinal uses. Today, F. fomentarius is being studied for a wide range of health-related benefits. These include modulating the immune system, regulating blood sugar and cholesterol, and binding and removing heavy metals, dyes, and radioactive substances. Promising antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, thrombolytic, anxiolytic, anticancer, and pain-relieving properties have been observed in laboratory experiments and small-scale clinical studies. The water-insoluble cell walls purified from the F. fomentarius fruiting bodies and marketed as a dietary supplement were particularly effective in cases of chronic, recurring, and multifactorial diseases. These positive results highlight the potential of tinder fungus supplementation as one of the promising natural ways to enhance quality of life.
Keywords: Fomes fomentarius, tinder fungus, medicinal mushroom, dietary supplement, quality of life
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Dr. Liudmila Kalitukha is the Head of the Research and Development Center at Good Feeling Products GmbH in Germany. Her current activities focus on research, development, quality assurance, and the production of advanced mushroom products. Dr. Liudmila Kalitukha is a certified safety assessor for cosmetics and a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the NEM Association (NEM e.V.). She is also a council member of the International Society for Medicinal Mushrooms (ISMM) and a member of the Editorial Board of the International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms (IJMM). |
Haklai E1,*
Israel
ABSTRACT
The effects of mushroom-derived compounds on cancer cells and patients have been increasingly documented. Some mushroom-derived substances are even approved as medical treatments for cancer patients. Although the health benefits of mushrooms for cancer patients are known, the underlying biochemical pathways and mechanisms of action are rarely addressed. This lecture will present the 14 updated hallmarks of cancer (2022) and explore how mushrooms interact with them. Understanding the mechanisms through which mushrooms exert their effects is important for those who treat cancer patients (e.g., oncologists, practitioners of complementary medicine, etc.). This understanding may help improve the treatments patients receive.
Keywords: cancer hallmarks, medicinal mushrooms, integrative oncology, bioactive compounds
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Eshed Haklai, M.Sc., N.D., Eng., is an R&D and regulatory manager in the cosmetics industry and a certified practitioner of complementary medicine, specializing in medicinal herbs and mushrooms. He is also a registered and licensed engineer in the field of pharmaceutical engineering. Eshed holds a B.Sc. in pharmaceutical engineering and an M.Sc. in chemistry from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He also earned a second M.Sc. in pharmaceutical science from the University of East London. In recent years, he has specialized in supporting cancer patients through integrative approaches. |
Biketova A. Yu.1, 2, 3*, Sarala G.P.3
1 Myco Expert, London, UK
2 Association of Wild Fungi of Israel, Pardesiya, Israel
3 Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK
ABSTRACT
Fungal taxonomy and nomenclature are often undervalued in applied mycology and the fungi-based industry, yet they are essential for the accuracy, safety, reproducibility, and standardisation of medicinal macrofungi (MM) studies. As the global demand for fungal-derived nutraceuticals and medicines grows, proper fungal identification, nomenclature, and consistent product labeling are indispensable. Adulteration of MM products can have severe health consequences for consumers, as reported in the literature. Sometimes mislabeling happens on purpose when rare and expensive species are exchanged with similar-looking, cheaper ones, like in the case with Ophiocordyceps sinensis vs. Cordyceps militaris, which have a 60–4,000 times price difference. A striking example of non-existent species name use is Pleurotus “florida”, which has a large commercial distribution and appears frequently in literature on cultivated and medicinal mushrooms. This name was introduced by Eger (1965), but was never published nor intended as a binomial. Different strains of Pleurotus “florida” were found to be P. pulmonarius and P. ostreatus. A particularly widespread misconception concerns Asian reishi mushrooms, which are commonly labeled as Ganoderma lucidum. However, molecular studies have shown that most cultivated medicinal reishi corresponds to G. sichuanense J.D. Zhao & X.Q. Zhang (=G. lingzhi), while G. lucidum is a European species that was originally described from the UK. Our tests of commercial strains and 25% ethanol tinctures (European) of reishi show that all of them belong to G. sichuanense. Likewise, Agaricus subrufescens Peck (=A. blazei auct. non Murrill), originally described from North America in 1894, is still widely marketed as A. blazei Murrill – a wrongly attributed name, causing persistent inconsistencies in both commercial and scientific contexts. Accurate fungal nomenclature ensures consistent identification of bioactive compounds and traceability in research, cultivation, and trade, as well as supports regulatory alignment and clear communication across sectors.
Keywords: fungal nomenclature, medicinal mushrooms, food supplements, cross-sector standardisation, applied mycology, Ganoderma
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Dr. Alona Yu. Biketova is a mycologist, molecular biologist, and biotechnologist, as well as an R&D and business consultant (Myco Expert). She is a research leader and collaborator on multiple international projects: taxonomy and biodiversity of Boletales worldwide, methods of molecular and morphological ID of fungi, species concepts and evolution of Agaricomycetes, as well as medicinal macrofungi and authentication of nutraceuticals. She is a convenor of the Intentional Workgroup on the Taxonomy of Boletales (ICTF); a member of the International and European Mycological Associations, International Society for Medicinal Mushrooms, Association of Wild Fungi of Israel, British Mycological Society, etc. Dr. Biketova is a true woman of the world with international experience living and working in five countries: Ukraine, Israel, Hungary, Serbia, and the UK. |
Haim Leibovitzh,a,b Naomi Fliss Isakov,a,c Lael Werner,a,b Tamar Thurm,a,b Ayal Hirsch,a,b Nathaniel Aviv Cohen,a,b and Nitsan Maharshak,a,b*
a IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
b Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
c Department of Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
ABSTRACT
Data on a mushroom-based prebiotic supplementation in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) in western population is scarce. In this pilot trial, we aimed to assess the clinical efficacy and fecal microbial compositional and functional alterations associated with ‘Mycodigest,’ a commercial prebiotic supplement composed of three mushroom extracts. Patients with mild to moderate CD were recruited to a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot induction trial. Clinical efficacy using the Harvey-Bradshaw index and biochemical response using C-reactive protein and fecal calprotectin were assessed at week 8 post-intervention. Fecal samples were assessed by DNA shotgun metagenomic sequencing. A multivariable linear mixed effects model was used to assess alteration in fecal microbiome composition and function pre- and post-’Mycodigest’ intervention. Clinical response was higher in the ‘Mycodigest’ intervention (N=10) compared to the placebo (N=6) group (80 vs. 16.7%, respectively, p=0.035). There were no differences in terms of biochemical response within each group pre- and post-intervention. Post-’Mycodigest’ intervention, 25 species were found to be differentially abundant compared to baseline, including an increase in short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria, such as Parabacteroides distasonis (Beta coefficient 0.92, 95% Confidence interval [CI] 0.36–1.47) and Faecalimonas umbilicata (Beta coefficient 0.57, 95% CI 0.23–0.90). Two microbial pathways related to the metabolism of isoprenoid compounds were increased post-’Mycodigest’ intervention. Mushroom-based prebiotic supplementation in subjects with CD resulted in clinical improvement, which may be related to post-intervention favorable compositional and functional microbial alterations.
Keywords: Medicinal Mushrooms, Crohn’s Disease, Prebiotics, Gut Microflora
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Dr. Haim Leibovitzh is a gastroenterologist at the Tel Aviv Medical Center's inflammatory bowel disease unit. He completed his post-doctoral research fellowship at Mount Sinai in Toronto. His research focuses on the role of the microbiome and multi-omics approaches in understanding both pre-disease and disease states of inflammatory bowel diseases. His work has been published in high-impact journals. |
Ofri Levi1,2,, Rina Zuchman1,2,, Nour Sleman1,2, Hazem Khamaisi1,2
1 Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai Academic College, Upper Galilee 1220800, Israel
2 MIGAL – Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, 11016, Israel
ABSTRACT
Fungal pathogens pose a major threat to human health and agriculture, compounded by rising resistance to existing antifungal agents. To identify new sustainable antifungal leads, we performed a high-throughput screen of 794 diverse plant extracts against Candida albicans. Dozens of extracts significantly inhibited fungal growth. Notably, extracts of Tea seens and Gentiana lutea reduced C. albicans proliferation by over 40%, indicating potent antifungal activity.
In addition, investigated the mechanism of action of a plant-derived phenolic, ferulic acid (FA). Using a genome-wide CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) screen, we identified 194 gene knockdowns that heightened FA sensitivity and 12 that conferred resistance. Notably, repression of the squalene synthase gene ERG9 conferred marked resistance to FA, implicating the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in FA’s activity. ERG9 knockdown upregulated the HMG-CoA reductase paralogs HMG1 and HMG2, consistent with FA targeting HMG1/2 and depleting ergosterol. Deep proteomic profiling of FA-resistant Cochliobolus heterostrophus strains further revealed conserved upregulation of ergosterol biosynthetic enzymes.
Functionally, FA synergized with fluconazole, reducing its MIC by ~8-fold in C. albicans and restoring susceptibility in azole-resistant strains. In planta assays demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of C. heterostrophus, significantly reducing lesion formation on maize leaves.
Together, these findings establish FA as a plant-derived antifungal that disrupts conserved sterol biosynthesis, enhances azole efficacy, and suppresses fungal disease in planta. This integrated approach, combining plant extract discovery with genome-wide CRISPRi functional genomics and deep proteomics, provides a framework for identifying eco-friendly antifungals that could expand both clinical and agricultural toolkits.
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | I am a molecular biologist and Senior Lecturer at Tel-Hai Academic College, and head of a research group at MIGAL-Galilee Research Institute. My research focuses on antifungal resistance, genome-wide CRISPRi functional genomics, and the discovery of plant-derived antifungal compounds. I integrate experimental microbiology with high-throughput assays, proteomics, and transcriptomics to uncover genetic mechanisms of fungal stress responses and drug resistance. My team has identified synergistic interactions between natural plant compounds and clinical antifungals, including strategies that overcome azole resistance in Candida albicans. We also investigate antifungal activities of plant extracts in agricultural pathogens, aiming to expand the antifungal toolkit with sustainable, eco-friendly solutions. |
1A2M, The Netherlands
2Ben-Gurion University, Israel
ABSTRACT
Medical innovation pricing is constrained by the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, a central factor in value-based pricing, with in the Netherlands a willingness-to-pay threshold of £20,000 to £30,000 per QALY. To counter perceptions of excessive pricing, we developed the Integrated Valuation Model—a tool that supports both early-phase valuation and late-stage pricing of medical innovations in reimbursement policy by integrating economic valuation principles, including expected free cash flows and the cost of capital, to support pricing decisions. It justifies prices of medical innovation that exceed conventional ICER thresholds by demonstrating financial viability, particularly for treatments with high development costs and small patient populations. The model enables scenario analysis and collaborative parameter adjustments with governments, maintaining conservative assumptions to ensure credibility. It has been applied successfully in EU countries, aiding companies in market access, price negotiations, and strategic development. The model supports stakeholders such as medical professionals and patient advocacy groups in ensuring timely access to innovative therapies. Transparent government involvement further enhances the model’s legitimacy, promoting fair pricing and sustainable reimbursement for orphan drugs, herein demonstrated for psilocybin-containing mushrooms for treatment in post-stroke treatment (POC4Triage).
Keywords: mushroom, cost-effectiveness, health technology assessment, stroke
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Mark Nuijten is a medical doctor, health economist, valuation economist, and healthcare journalist. Mark is a leading health policy and economics expert since last two decades, reflected in more than 200 publications and leading positions in scientific societies and editorial boards. Mark was Board Director of ISPOR (2002-2004) and Chair of the Management Board of Value in Health (2002-2004). He was a member of the Editorial Advisory Board of Value in Health. He obtained his PhD in health economics (2003) on the thesis “In search for more confidence in health economic modelling” at Erasmus University, Rotterdam. Mark is the founder of A2M (Ars Accessus Medica), a founding partner of the Minerva International Health Economic Network, and a past partner with MEDTAP International. As a VP Business Development for Europe, he established global Pricing and Reimbursement Consultancy Services for MEDTAP. Before his MEDTAP period, Mark was the founding Managing Director of the IQVIA Quintiles office in the Netherlands, which included European responsibility for the policy and health economic division. He supervised PhD theses at the Universities of Maastricht and Groningen in the Netherlands, and since 2022, a Visiting Professor at Ben-Gurion University in Israel. |
1Kimron Veterinary Institute, Beit Dagan, Israel
ABSTRACT
Fungi can cause infections in warm-blooded animals if they can grow at the host’s body temperature. Increasing global temperatures might have selected thermotolerant fungal populations, converting them from non-pathogenic to pathogenic, causing the emergence of contemporaneous worldwide morbidity, atypical of other emerging pathogens, as exemplified by Candida auris. Climate change, soil disturbance, and travel may have caused the spread of Histoplasma spp., Coccidioides spp., and Blastomyces spp., from their historically endemic areas in the United States. Coccidioides immitis, causing coccidioidomycosis, carried by asymptomatic burrow-dwelling rodents, was limited to arid areas of the south-western United States. Upon their death, the fungus develops, and its conidia spread. Recently, cases of coccidioidomycosis have emerged north of the historic area of endemicity. Cycles of intense rain and drought have increased in intensity and frequency due to climate change. During the wet period, the fungus thrives, and conidia in the dust are subsequently disseminated in the dry period by winds. Moreover, carrying rodents abandon their flooded burrows, migrate to dryer areas, where they succumb to the lack of water, completing the cycle. During wildfires, rising hot air disseminates the conidia of Coccidioides. The incidence of coccidioidomycosis has increased in firefighters active in contaminated areas. Travel and commerce have led to the emergence of several fungal infections in wildlife, with catastrophic consequences. White Nose, caused by Pseudogymnoascus destructans, killed millions of insectivorous bats in the United States. European tourists might have brought the fungus to a cave in the state of New York, from where it spread throughout the United States and Canada. Chytridiomycosis is a lethal infection caused by Batrachomyces dendrobatidis in frogs and B. salamndrivorans in salamanders, leading to mass extinction of populations worldwide. The commerce of exotic animals is assumed to be the cause of the fungus' spread.
Keywords: Climate, Epidemiology, Travel, Candida auris, Dimorphic Fungi, Wildlife
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | After graduating in 1979 from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Milan, Italy, I started working at the Laboratory of Bacteriology at the Kimron Veterinary Institute of Israel (Ministry of Agriculture). I did my PhD on ribosomal vaccines against dermatophytes at Tel Aviv University of Medicine, under the supervision of Prof. Esther Segal, and added veterinary mycology to the laboratory’s activities. In the following years, I directed the laboratory and subsequently the Division of Bacteriological Laboratories at the institute. I retired in 2017. In addition, following the establishment of the Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, I was in charge of teaching and organizing the courses of Veterinary Bacteriology and Veterinary Mycology, and was awarded the title of Associated Clinical Professor. My scientific activity focused on the epidemiology of bacterial and mycotic diseases in animals in Israel and antimicrobial resistance. |
Anand G.1,2,3, Marash I.1, Leibman-Markus .M2, Gupta R.2,3, Benoni C.2,4, Rav-David D.2, Elad Y.2, Bar M.1,2*
1Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
2Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization- Volcani Institute, Rishon Leziyon, Israel
3Faculty of Agriculture, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
4Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
ABSTRACT
Botrytis spp. generally shows necrotrophic infection behavior, killing the host cell to acquire nutrients. Some Botrytis spp. can grow symptomless inside their host, switching to necrotizing infection upon favorable environmental conditions. Extended quiescent phases following infection have also been reported, and Botrytis spp. have been isolated from healthy tissues of many plant species. In short, evidence suggests that Botrytis spp. can co-exist with plants. While many Botrytis species infect a narrow range of hosts, B. cinerea stands out with an extremely broad host range. Here, we examined whether agricultural isolates of B. cinerea show a preference for their original host, and what factors might influence this preference. We hypothesized that the ability of Botrytis spp. to coexist with plants is related to host specificity and that the plant may benefit from this non-pathogenic interaction with B. cinerea. To test our hypothesis, we utilized a system of several plant hosts and several corresponding B. cinerea isolates. We developed a system to examine co-existence between B. cinerea and these host plants and examined the ability of the fungus to survive in the plants, as well as the plants' ability to grow and withstand further infections. In addition to demonstrating a clear host preference of some B. cinerea isolates, our results show that B. cinerea can survive extensively on plants without causing infection, and that inoculation with B. cinerea under non-infectious conditions can increase plant growth and productivity, in addition to strengthening the plant immune system. While it seems unlikely that B. cinerea would become a biocontrol agent against itself in agricultural settings, our work adds additional dimensions to B. cinerea-host plant interactions and suggests that developing methodologies to control B. cinerea in its non-pathogenic phase could be beneficial.
Keywords: Botrytis cinerea, host specificity, endophytism, induced resistance, salicylic acid
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Dr. Maya Bar is an associate professor at Ben Gurion University of the Negev and heads the Phyto-Development-Defense Dynamics lab in the Department of Life Sciences. With a dual background in plant immunity and plant development, she has published over 60 research papers (~2400 citations, h-index 26). The lab is comprised of a diverse group of individuals conducting collaborative basic and applied research, investigating plant communication, immunity priming, development-defense trade-offs, plant-fungus interactions, and chemical and organismal biocontrol of plant disease. |
1Gray Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University
ABSTRACT
Studies on the microbial flora of beach sand and water of water bodies around the globe revealed that a variety of microbial species are detected, including fungi. Many of these fungi have a capacity to cause human infections, which may be of great significance for human health, such as the discovery of the antifungal-resistant Candida auris, isolated from a marine ecosystem. We focused on the Israeli Mediterranean Coast and surveyed six beaches from North to South: Haifa, Keisaria, Tel Aviv, Palmahim, Ashdot, and Ashkelon. In the study, fungal sand and water contamination were assessed with respect to possible impact on human health and well-being, focusing on three aspects:
(1) Fecal contamination, as judged by the presence of the gastrointestinal commensal, Candida albicans, other Candida spp., and Rhodotorula spp.
(2) Contamination by fungi known for involvement in dermal infections, such as dermatophytes or Candida.
(3) Presence in sand of various molds, such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Mucorales, which may be causes of respiratory allergies, as well as a potential risk factor for invasive infections in immunocompromised individuals.
The great majority of the fungal isolates, 85% (196 out of 232), were isolated from sand, while only ~ 15% were in water. Both sand and water showed that the majority of the isolated fungi were molds: 83% and 92%, respectively. We assessed the susceptibility to antifungal drugs of the isolated yeasts and molds. The assays revealed that the yeasts and molds included resistant isolates. This was also noted by a technique that searches directly for resistant fungi. These studies indicate that monitoring the fungal flora of the maritime ecosystem is of significance for public health.
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Prof. Esther Segal, Emer., Dep. of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Gray Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel. Teaching Medical Mycology to students of Medicine, Graduate and Post-Graduate students at Tel Aviv University, and online at international platforms. Prof. Segal’s research over the years focused on pathogenesis and immunogenicity of Candida infections, involving experimental vaccinations with ribosomal Candida albicans particles. The current focus of Prof. Segal’s research is environmental fungi. Specifically, focusing on maritime ecosystem of the Israeli Mediterranean Sea Coast with respect to human morbidity. |
1A2M, The Netherlands
2Ben-Gurion University, Israel
ABSTRACT
There is clinical evidence that psilocybin-containing “magic mushrooms” and extracts thereof can have therapeutic effects for which we applied standard health technology assessment (HTA) criteria (clinical benefit and cost-effectiveness) for the treatment of depression. A meta-analysis (2024) found a significant clinical benefit of psilocybin compared to placebo for reducing depression scores. Most clinical studies report that psilocybin is reasonably safe with only transient adverse events (e.g., headaches). The cost-effectiveness was assessed for the use of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy (PAP) in patients with treatment-resistant depression and severe depression in the UK. PAP could be cost-effective versus conventional therapy under certain assumptions: when the cost of therapist support is reduced (50% lower) and when the price of psilocybin per person is moderate (e.g., £400-£800). Under these conditions, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) fall into ranges that are acceptable under usual UK thresholds (£20,000 to £30,000 per QALY). The analyses are sensitive to perspective: whether only direct health care costs are counted, or also indirect costs (productivity gains/losses, social costs). The conclusion is that HTA criteria can be applied to medicinal mushrooms, such as psilocybin, which fulfill the requirements for clinical benefit and cost-effectiveness. Consequently, the reimbursement of psilocybin by the payer instead of the cost for the patient could be justified from a clinical and health economic perspective.
Keywords: mushroom, cost-effectiveness, health technology assessment, depression
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
| | Mark Nuijten is a medical doctor, health economist, valuation economist, and healthcare journalist. Mark is a leading health policy and economics expert since last two decades, reflected in more than 200 publications and leading positions in scientific societies and editorial boards. Mark was Board Director of ISPOR (2002-2004) and Chair of the Management Board of Value in Health (2002-2004). He was a member of the Editorial Advisory Board of Value in Health. He obtained his PhD in health economics (2003) on the thesis “In search for more confidence in health economic modelling” at Erasmus University, Rotterdam. Mark is the founder of A2M (Ars Accessus Medica), a founding partner of the Minerva International Health Economic Network, and a past partner with MEDTAP International. As a VP Business Development for Europe, he established global Pricing and Reimbursement Consultancy Services for MEDTAP. Before his MEDTAP period, Mark was the founding Managing Director of the IQVIA Quintiles office in the Netherlands, which included European responsibility for the policy and health economic division. He supervised PhD theses at the Universities of Maastricht and Groningen in the Netherlands, and since 2022, a Visiting Professor at Ben-Gurion University in Israel. |
Wild Mushroom Foray | Mycophagy Potluck & Cookery (Field Day)
Sessions: Fungal Taxonomy & Evolution | Biodiversity & Ecology of Fungi | Ethno-Mycology
Masaphy S.1,2*
1Tel-Hai College
2Applied Mycology Lab, MIGAL – Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona
ABSTRACT
Morels (Morchella species) are important edible mushrooms, known primarily for their distinctive aroma and taste. They have a global distribution and have been studied extensively around the world, but less in Israel. The genus is estimated to include more than 80 different species globally. In recent years, we have focused on investigating morel mushroom life, including studying the morel populations in Israel. This work showed high habitat diversity, high phenotypic diversity, and high nutritional mode diversity. These characteristics affect both taxonomy and chemical composition. Phenotypic-related identification has shown complexity and difficulties in getting a clear distinction between species, due to high phenotypic flexibility, where mushrooms of the same species are highly polymorphic, as to their color and head shape. Hence, the use of molecular means was exploited to overcome the phenotypic plasticity by using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region within the nuclear ribosomal DNA and partial LSU (28S) gene sequencing.
Keywords: Genotypic identification, Morchella, Morel, Phenotypic plasticity, Taxonomy, Trophic mode.
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Prof. Segula Masaphy is a lecturer at Tel Hai College and an emeritus scientist from Migal-Galilee Research Institute in Kiryat Shmona. Prof. Masaphy specializes in the field of applied mycology. Along with research work, Prof. Masaphy served as scientific head of "The Water and Food Microbiology Service Lab" at Migal and as Head of "The Food Sciences Studies" department at Tel Hai College. Her research focused on different aspects of the fungal world, especially mushroom-producing fungi, including research into the environmental conditions affecting edible mushroom growth and fruiting (Agaricus, Pleurotus, Shiitake, Volvariella, Morchella), fungal-bacteria relationships, biotransformation and biodegradation of pollutants by higher fungi, fungal oxidative enzymes, bioactivity of fungal mycelium and fruitbodies, fungal ecological aspects and effect of forest management on soil fungi biodiversity. In recent years, her research has focused on the ecology and biotechnology of mushrooms: biodiversity, cultivation, bioactive compounds, and more. |
1 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University, Israel
ABSTRACT
Israel's diverse ecosystems, ranging from temperate forests to arid deserts, provide a rich habitat for a wide variety of fungi species, many of which may have potential for culinary or medicinal applications. Previous research on Israel’s macrofungi was mostly based on morphological data, resulting in inconclusive identification on the species level. Only a fraction of the discovered fungi were identified using modern genetic sequencing, leaving most of them unclear. The ambition of this study was to collect all of the undiscovered macrofungi species in Israel and to identify them using DNA sequencing. A citizen science project was created in order to collect fungi specimens from the entire area of Israel, documenting each one with detailed information. DNA was extracted from these specimens, and key barcoding segments were sequenced. The sequences were used to identify the fungal samples to the species level. This citizen science project collected more than 1,200 fungi specimens across diverse habitats in Israel. Among these, DNA analysis revealed nearly 50 new species for the country and genetically confirmed the presence of more than 30 others previously identified based on morphology alone. By further collecting fungal specimens and sequencing them, we are confident that more species new to Israel, and perhaps even novel species, will be discovered. These new species may hold the key to new beneficial active compounds.
Keywords: fungal taxonomy, biodiversity, biogeography, mushrooms, Israel, DNA barcoding, molecular phylogeny
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Elad Gillon is a PhD student in Prof. Shay Covo’s lab at the Hebrew University. He established a citizen science project in 2011, with the aim of collecting and genetically identifying the full diversity of macrofungi in Israel. Elad is also the CEO of Bargal Analytical Instruments, one of the largest companies in Israel for advanced scientific instruments. |
Valabregue S.1* and Lerer A.2
1Rotberg School, Hebrew University, Israel
2Shaman Medical Mycellium Biotechnology, Israel
ABSTRACT
This session explores the meeting point between two ancient yet living traditions of consciousness exploration — shamanic medicine and Jewish mysticism. Both share a deep understanding of the psyche and the capacity to induce transformation, healing, and expanded awareness.
Ayelet Lerer Shaki will present insights from her work at Shaman Medical Mycelium Biotechnology, a startup developing Amanita muscaria-based therapeutic technologies. Drawing on both scientific research and her extensive fieldwork in Jewish-inspired therapeutic practice, she will share how Amanita muscaria microdosing and guided healing rituals can bridge neurobiology, spirituality, and personal transformation.
Dr. Sandra Valabregue will introduce key tools from Kabbalistic mysticism — symbolic and meditative techniques designed for consciousness navigation and divine connection.
The session will open and close with a guided meditation, merging Kabbalistic mapping and Amanita muscaria guidance. Participants will experience a living dialogue between body, mind, and spirit — between the mycelial network of nature and the mystical pathways of consciousness.
Keywords: Amanita muscaria, microdosing, spiritual practice, kabbalah, awareness, expanded consciousness.
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Ayelet Lerer Shaki is an award-winning film director and entrepreneur in psychedelic medicine. In 2020, she founded Shaman Medical Mycelium Biotechnology, a startup researching Amanita muscaria and developing therapeutic platforms. She co-founded the Shaman Group, which builds infrastructure and models for the integration and implementation of Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy (PAT). Her work bridges creative practice, clinical innovation, and responsible frameworks for translation to care.
|
 | Dr. Sandra Valabregue is a painter and scholar of Kabbalah whose work has been exhibited internationally. She has taught at leading universities in the United States and Israel and is currently an independent researcher and lecturer at the School for Overseas Students at the Hebrew University. Her scholarship and practice focus on mystical techniques and theological frameworks, with special attention to imagination, mapping, and navigation tools for consciousness, and the art of transformation.
|
Różalska S.1*, Nowak M.1 and Rudnicka K.2
1Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
2Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
sylwia.rozalska@biol.uni.lodz.pl*
ABSTRACT
Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are microorganisms capable of infecting and killing arthropods, contributing significantly to the natural regulation of insect populations. Easily propagated on a large scale, they are widely employed as bioinsecticides, offering a safer alternative to conventional chemical agents. Among the most commonly used genera are Beauveria and Metarhizium. Importantly, the potential of EPF extends far beyond arthropod control. They can also degrade or biotransform toxic pollutants. Metarhizium strains, for instance, are able to degrade triazine herbicides such as ametryn and persistent pollutants like nonylphenol. Beauveria bassiana has demonstrated the capacity to remove the insecticide cypermethrin, while Metarhizium anisopliae effectively breaks down the mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN), yielding less harmful derivatives such as trihydroxybenzene. In most of these degradation processes, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases appear to play a key role, as suggested by increased mRNA expression upon exposure to specific contaminants. Moreover, some EPF can accumulate chemical insecticides—Metarhizium brunneum spores enriched with acetamiprid retained full insecticidal efficacy at doses 180 times lower than the pure compound. Additionally, certain strains can synthesize metal nanoparticles, expanding their application potential in nanotechnology and environmental remediation. These findings emphasize the need for further exploration of EPF multifunctionality, particularly in integrated strategies combining biological control with pollutant degradation.
Keywords: Entomopathogenic fungi, biocontrol, bioremediation, pollutant degradation.
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Dr hab. Sylwia Różalska is a biotechnologist, microbiologist, and mycologist, associate professor at the Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Lodz, Poland. Her research explores the biotechnological potential of microscopic fungi, focusing on pollutant degradation and biocontrol. She leads projects on entomopathogenic fungi, including their unconventional applications and ecological roles. Her work integrates microbiology, molecular tools, and environmental sciences to study fungus–plant–insect interactions. A former Vice President of the Polish Mycological Society (2016–2020) and its active member since 2013. Her broader interests include fungal responses to environmental stress and toxic compounds. |
Rosenberg E.1*, Aouizerat T.1, Schoemann M.1, Katvan E.1,2,3, Coppenhagen-Glazer S.1, Cohen R.4, Hassid G.4, Drori E.5, Yaari R.5, Hoch L.5, Seligman J.6, Haddad E.6, Nadav-Ziv L.6, Paz Y.6, Maeir A.M.2,7, Gadot Y.8, Klutstein M.1, Hazan R.1
1Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, 2The Martin (Szusz) Department of Land of Israel and Archaeology, Bar-Ilan University, Israel, 3Land of Israel Studies, Peres Academic Center, 4Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Israel, 5Wine & Grapevine Research Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ariel University, Israel, 6Israel Antiquities Authority, Jerusalem, Israel, 7Tell es-Safi/Gath Archaeological Project, 8The Laster and Sally Entin Faculty of Humanities, Tel Aviv University, Israel
*eden.rosenberg@mail.huji.ac.il
ABSTRACT
Yeasts are remarkably resilient microorganisms capable of long-term survival under nutrient-limited conditions, enabling their use as biological indicators of ancient fermentation. Because yeasts are central to the production of fermented foods and beverages, their detection provides molecular and microbial evidence of the original contents of archaeological clay vessels, thereby contributing to our understanding of ancient dietary and cultural practices. Previously, yeasts linked to alcoholic fermentation were isolated from ancient beer vessels. This research focuses on wine vessels recovered from the Byzantine-period wine factory at Tel Yavne. We aimed to determine whether molecular and microbial analyses could confirm the use of these vessels for wine production through the identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a key yeast in alcoholic fermentation. 98 Clay fragments (including 50 from Tel Yavne) underwent DNA extraction followed by targeted qPCR to detect S. cerevisiae. Yeast isolation was achieved by incubating vessel shards in liquid media and plating on selective agar plates. Four vessels (4.08%) yielded positive results for S. cerevisiae in both targeted qPCR and isolation, confirming positive wine identification. 116 Non-alcoholic clay vessels, soil, and plant samples serve as negative controls and showed 0% positivity, validating the specificity of yeast detection. Organic Residue Analysis (ORA), routinely applied in archaeology to identify ancient traces, confirmed the presence of tartaric acid, a wine-related organic compound, in the same vessels. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examined the pore structures of the three positive vessels and four negative wine vessels to investigate differential yeast recovery. Quantitative assessment indicates higher pore density in positive vessels, suggesting that pore size may influence yeast localization and isolation success. These findings demonstrate that microbial evidence, particularly the detection and isolation of fermentation-linked yeasts, provides a reliable means to identify the original use of archaeological vessels and contributes to reconstructing ancient food and beverage production.
Keywords: Yeast microbiome, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Organic Residue Analysis, Microbial biomarker.
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Eden Rosenberg is a PhD student at the Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Her doctoral research examines the intersection of microbiology and archaeological science, particularly the role of yeast microbiomes in identifying and reconstructing ancient fermentation processes. She has developed a novel method that combines molecular and microbiological techniques to characterize fermentation-associated microorganisms preserved in archaeological contexts. Eden is committed to interdisciplinary collaboration and to advancing innovative biomolecular tools for the study of ancient dietary and cultural practices. |
Narcross F.W.1* and Marks R.S.1
ABSTRACT
A research article on dermatophytosis in fine art was published in 1991 by Robert S. Marks. At that time, Marks was a graduate student, and he performed the research in university libraries from hardbound books, journals, as well as visits to museums. A search for a book of interest was performed using index cards stored alphabetically in wooden boxes that stretched out over a large portion of the library floor. This research process changed considerably with the advent of the Internet and the availability of books and journals online. The tedious manual search through index cards was replaced by a commercial search engine, and from the comfort of one’s desk at home or school, research resources were available directly from a computer screen. In the last few years, search engines have become increasingly replaced by, or at least augmented with, Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT. Today, one doesn’t even need to be precise in what one is looking for. A user can simply ask an LLM for guidance in researching a topic, and the LLM will provide advice or details on a subject of interest. So, how effective is this new tool compared to the processes that predate it? Can LLMs do research? This article compares the original research by Marks to research conducted using the latest LLMs.
Keywords: mycology, dermatophytosis, art, artificial intelligence, Large Language Models
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Fredric Narcross is a PhD candidate at the Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel. His PhD research focuses on automating knowledge discovery in the biotechnical and biomedical sciences. Fredric is also a lifelong neuroscience researcher dedicated to modeling nervous systems and creating a new paradigm for artificial intelligence – artificial nervous systems. He has crafted tools which create artificial nervous systems with neurophysiological accuracy including tools to place the artificial nervous systems onto Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) microchips. Fredric has 3 patents and 3 pending for his neuroscience research. |
Opatovsky I.1,2* and Ben-Mordehchai L.1,2
1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science, Tel-Hai Academic College, Tel-Hai, Israel
2 Department of Nutrition, MIGAL, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
ABSTRACT
Information on the nutritional contribution of fungi located in insect’s gut on their hosts is still scarce and fragmentary. Our research model is the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, BSF), a cosmopolitan species that thrives in rotten organic matter. Therefore, it is hypothesized to interact with the microorganism community in its surroundings. The most common fungi in the BSF environment (household compost bins) was found to be Candida tropicalis, which when supplemented to the larvae feeding substrate, increased the larval weight. This research further investigated whether the metabolic effect of the Candida on the BSF is directly, through consumption, or indirectly, through metabolic changes in the substrate. The larvae that were supplemented with C. tropicalis displayed an increase in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, due to an increase in the palmitic and myristic acids that are abundant in the fungi. In addition, the presence of C. tropicalis in the substrate caused an increase in threonine, leucine, and isoleucine in the larvae and may affect larval weight through the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) pathway. This study suggests two mechanisms underlying the nutritional effect of fungi on BSF larvae. The first involves direct digestion of fungi or nutrients that are extracted by fungi in the insect gut, while the other implies an indirect fungal effect due to the digestion of the feeding substrate and extraction of nutrients in the substrate.
Keywords: Candida tropicalis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Symbiotic interactions, Diptera
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Dr. Itai Opatovsky studies insect nutrition and metabolism at Tel-Hai Academic College and MIGAL Research Institute. Part of his research deals with fungal occurrence in the gut and surrounding areas of insects and how it affects the insect's metabolism and immune system. In addition, part of his work studies the effect of fungi on colonization of the insect in novel patches. |
Masaphy S.1,2*, Levi N.1,2, Zabari L.1, Orlofsky E.1
1Tel-Hai College
2Applied Mycology Lab, MIGAL – Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona
ABSTRACT
The Fungal kingdom is critically important for forest and environmental health due to the diverse functions that are influenced by the forest structure and, in turn affect the forest ecosystem. In Israel, most forests planted in the past century are dense, single-species stands of Jerusalem pine (Pinus halepensis). Recently, thinning practices of coniferous forests have been used, and their ecological impacts are being studied. The current study examined the effect of forest thinning affects the taxonomic and functional diversity of soil fungi. The research took place in a long-term ecological research (LTER) station in the Kdoshym forest, 12 years after the thinning of trees took place. Four thinning regimes were used to create varied tree densities: dense, medium, low, fully cleared, and an unplanted control plot. Soil fungal diversity was sampled 12 years after the thinning. Soil fungi were identified molecularly using the ITS region sequencing and classified as mycorrhizal, saprotrophic, or pathogenic based on functional databases. All three plots with mature pine trees were similar in terms of fungal taxonomic composition, and they differed from the plots without mature pines. All trees containing plots had higher symbiotic fungi than plots with no trees, while pathogenic and unidentified fungi were more common where mature pines were absent. Saprotrophic fungi were evenly distributed. These results suggest that even 12 years post-thinning, a small number of mature pine trees can sustain soil fungal populations similar to non-thinned pine forests.
Keywords: Forest health, Pinus halepensis, Soil fungal biodiversity, Thinning, Trophic mode.
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
| | Prof. Segula Masaphy is a lecturer at Tel Hai College and an emeritus scientist from Migal-Galilee Research Institute in Kiryat Shmona. Prof. Masaphy specializes in the field of applied mycology. Along with research work, Prof. Masaphy served as scientific head of "The Water and Food Microbiology Service Lab" at Migal and as Head of "The Food Sciences Studies" department at Tel Hai College. Her research focused on different aspects of the fungal world, especially mushroom-producing fungi, including research into the environmental conditions affecting edible mushroom growth and fruiting (Agaricus, Pleurotus, Shiitake, Volvariella, Morchella), fungal-bacteria relationships, biotransformation and biodegradation of pollutants by higher fungi, fungal oxidative enzymes, bioactivity of fungal mycelium and fruitbodies, fungal ecological aspects and effect of forest management on soil fungi biodiversity. In recent years, her research has focused on the ecology and biotechnology of mushrooms: biodiversity, cultivation, bioactive compounds, and more. |
1Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
ABSTRACT
Although gaining much attention in recent years, it is unclear whether mycorrhizal fungi distribute meaningful amounts of resources among trees in ways that increase the fitness of the receiving trees. To this end, we performed several experiments, including shaded and non-shaded pairs of inter- and intra-species Pinus halepensis and Quercus calliprinos saplings growing outdoors in forest soil. The effects of belowground connections were examined by tree performance and non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) pools. Additionally, we monitored the carbon (C) flow from a 13CO2-labeled donor tree to the final recipient tree. We were able to demonstrate belowground C transfer, most prominently from pines to shaded oaks, and identify the main fungal symbionts involved in C transfer by DNA stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP). Collectively, our findings indicate that the effects of belowground C transfer are evidently context-dependent, and they manifest in nuanced alterations in plant NSC that are not readily apparent through conventional growth metrics.
Keywords: belowground, carbon, ectomycorrhiza, DNA-SIP, labeling
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Dr. Stav Livne-Luzon is an ecologist at the Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel, with expertise in fungal ecology and plant–fungi interactions. Her research focuses on the ecological roles of mycorrhizal fungi in seedling establishment, symbiosis, and carbon transfer through mycorrhizal networks, particularly in Mediterranean and semi-arid environments. She has led multiple interdisciplinary projects combining fieldwork, molecular tools, and ecological modeling to better understand the ecological role of mycorrhizal networks under lab and natural conditions. |
Shemesh H.1*, Klein T.2, Hibner A.1, Herol L.3, Truong C.4, Livne-Luzon S.2
1 Tel-Hai College, Department of Environmental Sciences, Israel
2 Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel
3 Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute of Dryland, Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
4 Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
ABSTRACT
Understanding how aridity shapes fungal communities is essential for predicting ecosystem responses to climate change. Monodominant forests of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) occurring along a steep precipitation gradient offer the opportunity to test the effect of aridity on distance decay patterns of soil fungi, without the confounding effects of vegetation. We conducted nested soil sampling in four Mediterranean, two semi-arid, and three arid forests along an aridity gradient (250-800 mm annual precipitation) and examined the distance decay patterns of saprotrophic (SAP) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi at different spatial scales. ITS2 soil metabarcoding revealed that both fungal richness and diversity increased with precipitation. Fungal communities showed significant spatial autocorrelation at multiple scales, with stronger distance decay patterns in Mediterranean than arid forests. ECM and SAP communities in arid sites were largely subsets of the Mediterranean climate communities. Stochastic assembly processes dominated under mesic conditions, while deterministic processes prevailed in arid regions, particularly for ECM fungi. Our results demonstrate that aridity can reduce fungal richness and stochasticity, and that climate can structure fungal communities independently of vegetation. This study highlights the need to consider scale-dependent ecological processes and emphasizes the role of climate, beyond vegetation, in shaping the assembly of fungal communities in forest soils.
Keywords: climate change, distance-decay, ectomycorrhiza, Pinus halepensis, precipitation, saprotrophs.
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Hagai Shemesh, Tel-Hai University. I am a plant ecologist with an interest in ectomycorrhizal interactions. My interests focus on the manner in which ectomycorrhizal fungi facilitate tree seedling establishment under stressful conditions, such as drought and competition. |
Marks R.S.1,*
1 Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er-Sheva 84105, Israel
ABSTRACT
Early iconography of dermatophytosis as medical pathology is often found in fine art, depicted faithfully, providing a limited clinical description whose etiological agent may be inferred. These are found in Esteban Murillo’s (1618-1682) Santa Isabel Reina de Hungría curando a los enfermos (1672, Iglesia de San Jorge del Hospital de la Hermandad de la Caridad, Sevilla, Spain) and Santo Tomás de Villanueva dando limosna (1668, Museo de Bellas Artes, Sevilla, Spain); Ferdinand Bol’s (1616-1680) De Regenten des Leprozenhuis (1649, Amsterdam Museum, the Netherlands); Jan Salomonsz de Bray’s (1627-1697) The Regents of the Leper Hospital in Haarle (1667, Frans Hals Museum, Haarlem, the Netherlands); Francisco Goya y Lucientes’s (1746-1828) Muchachos trepando a un árbol (1791-92, Museo del Prado, Spain) and La Boda (1792, Museo del Prado, Spain); Isidore Pils’ (1813-1875) La prière des enfants teigneux, (1853, Musée de l’Assistance Publique, Paris, France) and the anonymous sculpture Sainte Élisabeth de Hongrie et le petit teigneux invalide (?, Sainte-Chapelle de Châteaudun). Modern artists will completely change their style of representation of said diseases, being less descriptive and more sensational. Some examples are those of Elisa Vegilante’s surrealistic Victim of Ringworm (2003); Shooshie Sulaiman’s Maka Panau (Tinea versicolor) (2005); Yulia Starkova’s Designed diseases: ringworm as tattoo; Claire Mack’s Tinea Pedis (2010), or Naomi Judko’s Ringworm is cured in the chimney.
Keywords: Dermatophytoses, medical art, medical history
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Prof. Robert S. Marks is a full professor in the Department of Biotechnology Engineering at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, where he founded the university’s Biosensors Laboratory. He has authored over 235 scientific publications, edited eight books, and holds multiple patents. His work has contributed to the creation of several startups in Israel, the US, and Singapore. Prof. Marks has chaired more than 20 international scientific conferences and serves on various editorial boards and advisory panels. He also created and teaches Ben-Gurion University's Ethnomycology course, which explores the cultural and biomedical relevance of fungi — a passion that helped inspire the launch of Funga Fest. |
Bar Shmuel N.¹,²*, Livne-Luzon S.³, Klein T.³, Malkinson D.¹,²
¹ Shamir Research Institute, Katzrin, Israel
² University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel ³ Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
ABSTRACT
Although hundreds of macrofungal species are known from Israel, long-term datasets and standardized protocols for monitoring their fruiting bodies are lacking, making it difficult to evaluate their ecological and management impacts. In this study, we examined the integration of expert surveys with community-based observations to establish a robust methodology for monitoring fruiting bodies. Our goal was to identify the expert survey method most suitable to serve as a reliable ground truth for richness and abundance, and as a benchmark for validating citizen-science data. During the winter of 2023–2024, expert surveys were conducted in the Carmel coastal forest using two approaches: spatial surveys and line transects. Both yielded hundreds of observations and nearly one hundred species. Spatial surveys consistently provided a broader representation of the fungal community than transects. When combined with iNaturalist and Facebook records, the dataset nearly doubled in size, increasing both the number of observations and the overall species pool. Comparative analyses revealed that spatial surveys produced seasonal patterns and diversity indices more consistent with community-based data, while transects generated a distinct and less comparable structure. Analyses of richness, diversity, and family-level multivariate patterns all supported the conclusion that spatial surveys are the stronger ground truth. Our findings highlight a substantial overlap between expert surveys and community-based records, while emphasizing differences in the level of ecological detail provided. Selecting an appropriate expert method involves a trade-off: prioritizing comparability and validation of the much larger volume of citizen-science data may come at the cost of reduced ecological resolution. Nevertheless, such integration offers a powerful approach to monitoring macrofungal fruiting body diversity at larger scales.
Keywords: Citizen Science, Macrofungal Monitoring, Community-Based Data, Biodiversity Assessment
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Nitsan Bar-Shmuel is an ecologist and doctoral candidate at the University of Haifa’s School of Environmental Sciences, under the supervision of Prof. Dan Malkinson and Prof. Tamir Kleime. Her research focuses on macrofungal fruiting bodies, examining how spatial and climatic variables shape seasonal and geographic patterns of fungal diversity in Mediterranean ecosystems. She combines intensive field surveys with citizen-science data sources to develop robust methodologies for monitoring fungal communities. Nitsan has extensive experience in ecological research across Israel and has worked in multiple research laboratories and field programs. In addition to her academic work, she is deeply engaged in public science outreach, coordinating citizen-science initiatives, environmental education programs, and community-based monitoring projects. Her approach bridges rigorous ecological research with public engagement, supporting both scientific understanding and practical conservation of Israel’s fungal biodiversity. |
Masaphy S.1,2, Biketova Yu. A.3,4,5*, Ezov N.1, Azoulay L.6, Kagan Zur V.7, Zabari L.1, Luzzati Y.8, Levanon D.1, Segal Y.9, Danay O.1, and Pereman I.1*
1Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel 2Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee 12210, Israel 3Institute of Evolution and Department of Evolutionary & Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Aba Khoushi Ave. 199, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel 4Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Temesvári Blvd. 62, Szeged H-6726, Hungary 5Mycological Society of Israel, P.O. Box 164, Pardesiya 42815, Israel 6Plant Protection Unit, Northern R&D, Migal-Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona 11016, Israel 7Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel 8Kibbutz Bar’am, M.P. Merom Hagalil 13860, Israel 9Ways of Fungi, D.N. Mereom Hagalil, 1380600, Abirim, Israel.
*idanpe@migal.org.il, alyona.biketova@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Israel, which forms a unique geographical bridge between three continents, harbors a relatively large number of fungal species due to its wide range of ecosystems. Among the hypogeous fungi, species of the family Tuberaceae have been observed in various habitats, and while some are native species, some are hypothesized to be newly introduced, including edible ones with agricultural commercial potential. Here, we provide a reassessment of the biodiversity of the family Tuberaceae in northern Israel. We report the genus Reddellomyces for the first time in Israel, as well as five new species of Tuber in Israel: T. aff. excavatum, T. aff. lusitanicum, T. lyonii, T. aff. pulchrosporum, and T. aff. zambonelliae. We also provide the assessment of the commercial potential of cultivating Tuber aestivum in Israel. The latter was introduced in an oak orchard in northern Israel and was coincidentally found in abundant numbers at a pecan tree (Carya illinoinensis) grove about 3.5 km away. Beginning in 2013, T. aestivum ascocarps were collected seasonally at the site, making it the first reported pecan grove in Israel yielding European summer truffles. This observation has led to the active inoculation of T. aestivum mushrooms in a pecan model plot, which has yielded ascocarps as early as 4 years following its establishment. Altogether, the study shows the richness of the family Tuberaceae in northern Israel and further emphasizes the commercial potential of T. aestivum and potentially other naturally occurring truffles for intercropping orchards.
Keywords: Tuber Biodiversity, Reddellomyces, Mushroom Cultivation, Ectomycorrhizal Fungi, Mycorrhizal Inoculation
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Idan Pereman’s group from MIGAL – Tel-Hai focuses on the biology and biotechnology of fungi, with emphasis on medicinal mushrooms, alternative proteins, and truffles. Their work on medicinal mushrooms, particularly Hericium species, investigates how cultivation conditions shape metabolic and transcriptomic pathways involved in the production of bioactive and neuroprotective compounds. In the field of alternative protein, the group studies edible and cultivated fungi as sustainable nutrient sources, analyzing how substrates and growth parameters influence protein content and nutritional quality. Research on truffles (Tuberaceae) focuses on their ecology and diversity in northern Israel and the implementation of intercropping systems for the cultivation of black truffles, aiming to advance sustainable truffle production in local agricultural settings. |
Sessions: Mycology Science | Applied Mycology | Myco-Industry
Sharchaton A.1, Azerrad S.1, Dekel Y., Kurzbaum E.1*
1Shamir research institute,University of Haifa, Isreal
ABSTRACT
Psychedelic mushrooms have been used in traditional medicine to treat mental and cognitive disorders and some specific psychedelic molecules are studied today for psychiatric disorders. Our team is the first in Israel and one of the few in the world to receive a formal permit to grow and extract Psilocybin mushrooms for research. Our primary focus is on investigating the submerged fermentation conditions that influence the accumulation of bioactive compounds, including psilocybin and psilocin, in the mycelium of Psilocybe cubensis. The research investigates the effects of various factors, including fungal strain, nutrient media composition, pH, agitation, aeration, and mycelium disruption, on the accumulation of mycelial biomass and bioactive compound content. Strains were grown in liquid culture and on solid coconut vermiculite media, followed by psilocybin extraction using methanol with 0.5% acetic acid and subsequent HPLC-DAD analysis. Results indicated that while psilocybin was the predominant active compound, other metabolites, such as aeruginascin and baeocystin, were present at negligible levels. Notably, no correlation was observed between psilocybin content in the mycelium and fruiting bodies of individual strains. The Ema strain, showing the highest psilocybin yield in mycelial biomass, was selected for optimization. The most effective growth conditions for maximizing both biomass production and psilocybin content were identified as a glucose-based mineral medium, 7-day incubation, and an initial pH of 5.5. The findings have significant implications for enhancing the bioactivity of P. cubensis mycelium and may lead to the development of novel mushroom-based nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals.
Keywords: Psilocybin, psychedelic molecules, Psilocybin mushrooms, Bioreactor
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Prof. Eyal Kurzbaum is an Israeli environmental microbiologist and biotechnologist specializing in fungal bioreactor systems. He leads the Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory at the Shamir Research Institute and holds academic positions at the University of Haifa and Tel-Hai Academic College. Prof. Kurzbaum's research focuses on optimizing submerged fermentation techniques for cultivating fungi, particularly Psilocybe cubensis, to produce psychoactive compounds such as psilocybin. His work aims to establish scalable, reproducible methods for the industrial production of these bioactive metabolites, which have potential applications in pharmaceuticals and alternative proteins. Additionally, Prof. Kurzbaum investigates the use of mycelium as a sustainable source of protein, exploring its cultivation in bioreactors and its functional properties for food applications. His interdisciplinary approach integrates environmental biotechnology, mycology, and industrial fermentation, contributing to advancements in both environmental remediation and biotechnological innovation. Prof. Kurzbaum's work is pivotal in bridging the gap between fungal cultivation and practical applications in various industries. |
Myco Structures Formulation Process Using Liquid Mycelium Culture
Silva C.1*, Livne A.2, Kushmaro A.3, Malka O.4, Pearlmutter D.1, and Gal E.2
1Department of Environmental, Geoinformatics and Urban Planning Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
2Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
3Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
4Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
ABSTRACT
This study presents a production methodology for Mycelium-Based Composites (MBC) using Ganoderma Resinaceum (G. resinaceum) Liquid Mycelium Culture (LMC) as inoculum, instead of grain spawn. Here, MBC were produced in cubic molds using hemp shives as substrate and inoculated with three G. resinaceum LMC concentrations (10%, 30% and 50% w/w). The methodology was structured into five stages: (1) LMC formulation, inoculation, and incubation, (2) substrate preparation, inoculation, and incubation, (3) MBC casting and incubation, (4) demolding and incubation, and (5) drying and inactivation. The production cycle entails 19 days for the 30% and 50% and 21 days for the 10% LMC. Thermal conductivity analysis showed that MBC using G. resinaceum LMC presented low thermal conductivity values (0.02 – 0.03 W m-1 K-1) comparable to grain spawn (0.04 – 0.08 W m-1 K-1) and expanded polystyrene (0.032 – 0.038 W m-1 K-1). A two-way ANOVA demonstrated that thermal conductivity was independent of LMC concentration (p = 0.723) and production batch (p = 0.201), highlighting the robustness and reproducibility of the production process. This research demonstrates the potential of LMC for MBC production, and further research should focus on process optimization and characterization of the biocomposites.
Keywords: mycelium building composites, liquid mycelium culture.
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | César Silva is a PhD candidate at the Department of Environmental, Geoinformatics, and Urban Planning, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. His research focuses on advancing methodologies to scale up the production of mycelium-based composites for the building industry. Silva has been involved in projects related to small-scale MBC production in South America and has experience in the mushroom cultivation industry. He is currently part of the multidisciplinary ATRIUM Consortium, a European project dedicated to developing sustainable construction materials and bio-composites for design applications. |
Sessions: Medical Mycology | Plant Pathology | Medicinal Macrofungi
1Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
ABSTRACT
Lion's mane (Hericium erinaceus) is an edible fungus, and various studies have demonstrated that its extracts possess neuroprotective properties. In our lab, we use neurons derived from patient-induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) as models to study several neurodevelopmental conditions, among them autistic spectrum disorders. In this study, we explored the electrophysiological properties of neurons derived from patients carrying different mutations in the GRIN2B gene, using tests like calcium imaging and patch-clamp. The GRIN2B gene encodes a subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, and patient-derived neurons lack sufficient amounts of healthy GRIN2B protein, leading to a phenotype of hyper-excitability and early maturation in our tests. Ongoing treatment with lion's mane extracts reduced these symptoms to a level that resembles more that of control cells than that of untreated patient cells for a few of the GRIN2B mutations. In the future, we plan to test for effects in the expression levels of RNA and protein in treated cells, as well as using extracts from other mushrooms, such as the magic mushroom (Psilocybe cubensis) and mitake (Grifola frondosa).
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Prof. Shani Stern is an associate professor at the Sagol Department of Neurobiology at the University of Haifa. She has a B.Sc. from Tel-Aviv University in electrical engineering, her M.Sc. is in computer science from the Weizmann Institute, and her Ph.D. is in Physics also from the Weizmann Institute. She was selected for the prestigious Zuckerman STEM leadership program. Her lab focuses on studying brain disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and Parkinson’s disease using patient-derived neurons and brain organoids. The Stern lab uses whole-cell patch clamp, calcium imaging, and analysis of network dynamics, molecular biology, and computational simulations to understand mechanisms of disease and to develop novel therapeutics and machine learning algorithms for diagnostics of diseases and to predict response to treatment. |
Plant Structure and CK Balance Modulate Host-Specificity and Pathogenicity of B. cinerea
Anand G.1,2, Benoni C.2,3, Leibman-Markus M.2, Gupta R.2,4, Marash I.1, Tejada L.1, Dolgov T.5, Rav-David D.2, Kleiman M.5, Elad Y.2, Bar M.1,2*
1 Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
2 Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Volcani Institute, Israel
3 Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Israel
4 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
5 Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, Volcani Institute, Israel
ABSTRACT
Botrytis cinerea, a highly successful necrotrophic fungal plant pathogen, demonstrates a remarkably broad host range, yet the precise factors governing its host specificity remain unclear. This study systematically assessed B. cinerea agricultural isolates, revealing a degree of host preference where isolates were better able to infect the original "host" (i.e., the crop species each isolate was originally isolated from). In "non-host" infections, B. cinerea generated smaller necrotic lesions, often surrounded by a yellow halo that was usually absent from host infections, suggesting distinct infection processes. We were interested in examining what factors might be influencing how B. cinerea recognizes its host plant. We had previously found that both leaf structure and cytokinin (CK) content affect B. cinerea pathogenicity. Therefore, we examined whether these two factors could be involved in host recognition. B. cinerea isolates were found to germinate and grow better on biomimetic structures derived from their original hosts, in the absence of leaf chemistry. Furthermore, different B. cinerea isolates showed varying sensitivity to CK, which inversely correlated with CK levels in their original "hosts". Our findings provide empirical insights into B. cinerea's host adaptation mechanisms.
Keywords: B. cinerea, host-specificity, cytokinin, plant structure
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Dr. Meirav Leibman-Markus is a research associate at the Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Israel. She earned her Ph.D. in Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants from Tel Aviv University, where she investigated receptor-mediated immune signaling in plants. Her postdoctoral research at ARO and Tel Aviv University focused on molecular mechanisms underlying plant defense and the use of genome editing to enhance disease resistance in tomato crops. In recent years, her research in the laboratory of Prof. Maya Bar has explored host-microbe interactions, cytokinin signaling, and plant communication with the aim of developing molecular and biotechnological strategies to improve crop resilience and productivity. |
Tzur Y.1, Sholomovich T.1,2, Yotal I.2, Abramovici A.2, Israeli A.2,3, Shir M. O.1,2, and Gamrasni D.1,2*
1MIGAL, Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
2Tel-Hai College, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Upper Galilee, Israel
3The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
ABSTRACT
Fungal decay caused by Penicillium italicum and Penicillium digitatum is among the major factors responsible for postharvest losses in citrus fruit worldwide. The increasing concern over fungicide resistance and chemical fungicide residues has led to a growing interest in natural, environmentally friendly alternatives. In this study, we evaluated the antifungal potential of various combinations of basic substances, EU-approved, against these two Penicillium species. To obtain high-quality candidate solutions, two different AI-based computational approaches generated a population of treatments considering combinations of three natural substances at a time, which were then tested in vitro for their inhibitory effects on fungal growth. The employed algorithms also accounted for the substances’ costs with an additional objective to minimize the cost of each combination. Several treatments demonstrated notable antifungal activity, completely inhibiting colony growth of both species. Interestingly, the most effective combinations contained hydrogen peroxide as one of the three components, suggesting its lethal role. However, some combinations lacking hydrogen peroxide showed partial inhibition, while others had no significant effect. Our initial results indicate that certain combinations of natural compounds, particularly those including hydrogen peroxide, hold promise as alternative treatments to conventional fungicides for controlling Penicillium infections. These findings highlight the potential of AI-driven screening as a tool for identifying synergistic effects among natural antimicrobial agents. Further studies are required to optimize concentrations, assess safety, and evaluate efficacy under real postharvest conditions.
SHORT BIOGRAPHY
 | Dr. Danny Gamarsani, head of the Center for Postharvest Innovation Research, studies and develops methods for extending the shelf life of agricultural produce, improving their storage conditions, optimizing value chains, and reducing depreciation and losses. It does so while ensuring the optimal quality and nutritional value of the crops is maintained. The knowledge generated is transferred for the benefit of farmers and growers in the region and around the world. |
Sessions: Fungal Taxonomy & Evolution | Biodiversity & Ecology of Fungi | Ethno-Mycology
This website was created by; ys digital
The Funga fest 2025 logo was designed by Warlie I. Rull, Graphic Designer.
Torda Varga kindly provided the figure for Funagl Taxonomy and Evolution from his paper https://www.nature.com/
Your abstract has been received successfully.
You will receive a confirmation email shortly. The scientific committee will review all submissions, and notifications of acceptance will be sent following the review process